Introducing Python: Modern Computing in Simple Packages
| Size: | 12 MB (13105027 bytes) | Extension: |
| Author(s): Bill Lubanovic
Publisher: O’Reilly Media, Year: 2019 ISBN: 1492051365,9781492051367 Description:
Easy to understand and fun to read, this updated edition of Introducing Python is ideal for beginning programmers as well as those new to the language. Author Bill Lubanovic takes you from the basics to more involved and varied topics, mixing tutorials with cookbook-style code recipes to explain concepts in Python 3. End-of-chapter exercises help you practice what you’ve learned. You’ll gain a strong foundation in the language, including best practices for testing, debugging, code reuse, and other development tips. This book also shows you how to use Python for applications in business, science, and the arts, using various Python tools and open source packages. |
| Table of contents : Cover Copyright Table of Contents Preface Audience Changes in the Second Edition Outline Python Versions Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples O’Reilly Online Learning How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Part I. Python Basics Chapter 1. A Taste of Py Mysteries Little Programs A Bigger Program Python in the Real World Python Versus the Language from Planet X Why Python? Why Not Python? Python 2 Versus Python 3 Installing Python Running Python Using the Interactive Interpreter Using Python Files What’s Next? Your Moment of Zen Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 2. Data: Types, Values, Variables, and Names Python Data Are Objects Types Mutability Literal Values Variables Assignment Variables Are Names, Not Places Assigning to Multiple Names Reassigning a Name Copying Choose Good Variable Names Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 3. Numbers Booleans Integers Literal Integers Integer Operations Integers and Variables Precedence Bases Type Conversions How Big Is an int? Floats Math Functions Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 4. Choose with if Comment with # Continue Lines with \ Compare with if, elif, and else What Is True? Do Multiple Comparisons with in New: I Am the Walrus Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 5. Text Strings Create with Quotes Create with str() Escape with \ Combine by Using + Duplicate with * Get a Character with [] Get a Substring with a Slice Get Length with len() Split with split() Combine by Using join() Substitute by Using replace() Strip with strip() Search and Select Case Alignment Formatting Old style: % New style: {} and format() Newest Style: f-strings More String Things Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 6. Loop with while and for Repeat with while Cancel with break Skip Ahead with continue Check break Use with else Iterate with for and in Cancel with break Skip with continue Check break Use with else Generate Number Sequences with range() Other Iterators Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 7. Tuples and Lists Tuples Create with Commas and () Create with tuple() Combine Tuples by Using + Duplicate Items with * Compare Tuples Iterate with for and in Modify a Tuple Lists Create with [] Create or Convert with list() Create from a String with split() Get an Item by [ offset ] Get Items with a Slice Add an Item to the End with append() Add an Item by Offset with insert() Duplicate All Items with * Combine Lists by Using extend() or + Change an Item by [ offset ] Change Items with a Slice Delete an Item by Offset with del Delete an Item by Value with remove() Get an Item by Offset and Delete It with pop() Delete All Items with clear() Find an Item’s Offset by Value with index() Test for a Value with in Count Occurrences of a Value with count() Convert a List to a String with join() Reorder Items with sort() or sorted() Get Length with len() Assign with = Copy with copy(), list(), or a Slice Copy Everything with deepcopy() Compare Lists Iterate with for and in Iterate Multiple Sequences with zip() Create a List with a Comprehension Lists of Lists Tuples Versus Lists There Are No Tuple Comprehensions Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 8. Dictionaries and Sets Dictionaries Create with {} Create with dict() Convert with dict() Add or Change an Item by [ key ] Get an Item by [key] or with get() Get All Keys with keys() Get All Values with values() Get All Key-Value Pairs with items() Get Length with len() Combine Dictionaries with {**a, **b} Combine Dictionaries with update() Delete an Item by Key with del Get an Item by Key and Delete It with pop() Delete All Items with clear() Test for a Key with in Assign with = Copy with copy() Copy Everything with deepcopy() Compare Dictionaries Iterate with for and in Dictionary Comprehensions Sets Create with set() Convert with set() Get Length with len() Add an Item with add() Delete an Item with remove() Iterate with for and in Test for a Value with in Combinations and Operators Set Comprehensions Create an Immutable Set with frozenset() Data Structures So Far Make Bigger Data Structures Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 9. Functions Define a Function with def Call a Function with Parentheses Arguments and Parameters None Is Useful Positional Arguments Keyword Arguments Specify Default Parameter Values Explode/Gather Positional Arguments with * Explode/Gather Keyword Arguments with ** Keyword-Only Arguments Mutable and Immutable Arguments Docstrings Functions Are First-Class Citizens Inner Functions Closures Anonymous Functions: lambda Generators Generator Functions Generator Comprehensions Decorators Namespaces and Scope Uses of _ and __ in Names Recursion Async Functions Exceptions Handle Errors with try and except Make Your Own Exceptions Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 10. Oh Oh: Objects and Classes What Are Objects? Simple Objects Define a Class with class Attributes Methods Initialization Inheritance Inherit from a Parent Class Override a Method Add a Method Get Help from Your Parent with super() Multiple Inheritance Mixins In self Defense Attribute Access Direct Access Getters and Setters Properties for Attribute Access Properties for Computed Values Name Mangling for Privacy Class and Object Attributes Method Types Instance Methods Class Methods Static Methods Duck Typing Magic Methods Aggregation and Composition When to Use Objects or Something Else Named Tuples Dataclasses Attrs Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 11. Modules, Packages, and Goodies Modules and the import Statement Import a Module Import a Module with Another Name Import Only What You Want from a Module Packages The Module Search Path Relative and Absolute Imports Namespace Packages Modules Versus Objects Goodies in the Python Standard Library Handle Missing Keys with setdefault() and defaultdict() Count Items with Counter() Order by Key with OrderedDict() Stack + Queue == deque Iterate over Code Structures with itertools Print Nicely with pprint() Get Random More Batteries: Get Other Python Code Coming Up Things to Do Part II. Python in Practice Chapter 12. Wrangle and Mangle Data Text Strings: Unicode Python 3 Unicode Strings UTF-8 Encode Decode HTML Entities Normalization For More Information Text Strings: Regular Expressions Find Exact Beginning Match with match() Find First Match with search() Find All Matches with findall() Split at Matches with split() Replace at Matches with sub() Patterns: Special Characters Patterns: Using Specifiers Patterns: Specifying match() Output Binary Data bytes and bytearray Convert Binary Data with struct Other Binary Data Tools Convert Bytes/Strings with binascii() Bit Operators A Jewelry Analogy Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 13. Calendars and Clocks Leap Year The datetime Module Using the time Module Read and Write Dates and Times All the Conversions Alternative Modules Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 14. Files and Directories File Input and Output Create or Open with open() Write a Text File with print() Write a Text File with write() Read a Text File with read(), readline(), or readlines() Write a Binary File with write() Read a Binary File with read() Close Files Automatically by Using with Change Position with seek() Memory Mapping File Operations Check Existence with exists() Check Type with isfile() Copy with copy() Change Name with rename() Link with link() or symlink() Change Permissions with chmod() Change Ownership with chown() Delete a File with remove() Directory Operations Create with mkdir() Delete with rmdir() List Contents with listdir() Change Current Directory with chdir() List Matching Files with glob() Pathnames Get a Pathname with abspath() Get a symlink Pathname with realpath() Build a Pathname with os.path.join() Use pathlib BytesIO and StringIO Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 15. Data in Time: Processes and Concurrency Programs and Processes Create a Process with subprocess Create a Process with multiprocessing Kill a Process with terminate() Get System Info with os Get Process Info with psutil Command Automation Invoke Other Command Helpers Concurrency Queues Processes Threads concurrent.futures Green Threads and gevent twisted asyncio Redis Beyond Queues Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 16. Data in a Box: Persistent Storage Flat Text Files Padded Text Files Tabular Text Files CSV XML An XML Security Note HTML JSON YAML Tablib Pandas Configuration Files Binary Files Padded Binary Files and Memory Mapping Spreadsheets HDF5 TileDB Relational Databases SQL DB-API SQLite MySQL PostgreSQL SQLAlchemy Other Database Access Packages NoSQL Data Stores The dbm Family Memcached Redis Document Databases Time Series Databases Graph Databases Other NoSQL Full-Text Databases Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 17. Data in Space: Networks TCP/IP Sockets Scapy Netcat Networking Patterns The Request-Reply Pattern ZeroMQ Other Messaging Tools The Publish-Subscribe Pattern Redis ZeroMQ Other Pub-Sub Tools Internet Services Domain Name System Python Email Modules Other Protocols Web Services and APIs Data Serialization Serialize with pickle Other Serialization Formats Remote Procedure Calls XML RPC JSON RPC MessagePack RPC Zerorpc gRPC Twirp Remote Management Tools Big Fat Data Hadoop Spark Disco Dask Clouds Amazon Web Services Google Cloud Microsoft Azure OpenStack Docker Kubernetes Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 18. The Web, Untangled Web Clients Test with telnet Test with curl Test with httpie Test with httpbin Python’s Standard Web Libraries Beyond the Standard Library: requests Web Servers The Simplest Python Web Server Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) ASGI Apache NGINX Other Python Web Servers Web Server Frameworks Bottle Flask Django Other Frameworks Database Frameworks Web Services and Automation webbrowser webview Web APIs and REST Crawl and Scrape Scrapy BeautifulSoup Requests-HTML Let’s Watch a Movie Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 19. Be a Pythonista About Programming Find Python Code Install Packages Use pip Use virtualenv Use pipenv Use a Package Manager Install from Source Integrated Development Environments IDLE PyCharm IPython Jupyter Notebook JupyterLab Name and Document Add Type Hints Test Check with pylint, pyflakes, flake8, or pep8 Test with unittest Test with doctest Test with nose Other Test Frameworks Continuous Integration Debug Python Code Use print() Use Decorators Use pdb Use breakpoint() Log Error Messages Optimize Measure Timing Algorithms and Data Structures Cython, NumPy, and C Extensions PyPy Numba Source Control Mercurial Git Distribute Your Programs Clone This Book How You Can Learn More Books Websites Groups Conferences Getting a Python Job Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 20. Py Art 2-D Graphics Standard Library PIL and Pillow ImageMagick 3-D Graphics 3-D Animation Graphical User Interfaces Plots, Graphs, and Visualization Matplotlib Seaborn Bokeh Games Audio and Music Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 21. Py at Work The Microsoft Office Suite Carrying Out Business Tasks Processing Business Data Extracting, Transforming, and Loading Data Validation Additional Sources of Information Open Source Python Business Packages Python in Finance Business Data Security Maps Formats Draw a Map from a Shapefile Geopandas Other Mapping Packages Applications and Data Coming Up Things to Do Chapter 22. Py Sci Math and Statistics in the Standard Library Math Functions Working with Complex Numbers Calculate Accurate Floating Point with decimal Perform Rational Arithmetic with fractions Use Packed Sequences with array Handling Simple Stats with statistics Matrix Multiplication Scientific Python NumPy Make an Array with array() Make an Array with arange() Make an Array with zeros(), ones(), or random() Change an Array’s Shape with reshape() Get an Element with [] Array Math Linear Algebra SciPy SciKit Pandas Python and Scientific Areas Coming Up Things to Do Appendix A. Hardware and Software for Beginning Programmers Hardware Caveman Computers Electricity Inventions An Idealized Computer The CPU Memory and Caches Storage Inputs Outputs Relative Access Times Software In the Beginning Was the Bit Machine Language Assembler Higher-Level Languages Operating Systems Virtual Machines Containers Distributed Computing and Networks The Cloud Kubernetes Appendix B. Install Python 3 Check Your Python Version Install Standard Python macOS Windows Linux or Unix Install the pip Package Manager Install virtualenv Other Packaging Solutions Install Anaconda Install Anaconda’s Package Manager conda Appendix C. Something Completely Different: Async Coroutines and Event Loops Asyncio Alternatives Async Versus… Async Frameworks and Servers Appendix D. Answers to Exercises 1. A Taste of Py 2. Data: Types, Values, Variables, and Names 3. Numbers 4. Choose with if 5. Text Strings 6. Loop with while and for 7. Tuples and Lists 8. Dictionaries 9. Functions 10. Oh Oh: Objects and Classes 11. Modules, Packages, and Goodies 12. Wrangle and Mangle Data 13. Calendars and Clocks 14. Files and Directories 15. Data in Time: Processes and Concurrency 16. Data in a Box: Persistent Storage 17. Data in Space: Networks 18. The Web, Untangled 19. Be a Pythonista 20. Py Art 21. Py at Work 22. PySci Appendix E. Cheat Sheets Operator Precedence String Methods Change Case Search Modify Format String Type String Module Attributes Coda Index About the Author Colophon |
